Consider Paul Krugman writing breathlessly in the New York Times about the “rising incidence of extreme events,” He claims that global warming caused the current drought in America’s Midwest, and that supposedly record-high corn prices could cause a global food crisis.
　　But the United Nations climate panel’s latest assessment tells us precisely the opposite. For “North America there is medium confidence that there has an overall slight tendency toward less dryness” Moreover, there is no way that Krugman could have identified this drought as being caused by global warming without a time machine; Climate models estimate that such detection will be possible by 2048, at the earliest.
　　And, fortunately, this year’s drought appears unlikely to cause a food crisis, as global rice and wheat supplies retain plentiful. Moreover, Krugman overlooks inflation: Prices have increased six-fold since 1969. so, while com futures(期货) did set a record of about S8 per bushel(葡式耳)in late July, the inflation-adjusted price of corn was higher throughout most of the 1970s, reaching 516 in1974.
　　Finally, Krugman conveniently forgets that concerns about global warming are the main reason that corn prices have skyrocketed since 2005. Nowadays 40 percent of corn grown in the United States is used to produce ethanol（乙醇）,which does absolutely nothing for the climate, but certainly distorts the price of corn—at the expense of many of the world’s poorest people.

　　Bill Mickbben similarly worries in The Guardian about the Midwest drought and corn prices. He confidently tells us that raging wildfires from New Mexico and Colorado to Siberia are “exactly” what the early stages of global warming look like.
　　In fact, the latest overview of global wildfire suggests that fire intensity has declined over the past 70 years and is now close to its preindustrial level.
　　When well-meaning campaigners want us to pay attention to global warming, they often end up pitching beyond the facts. And, while this may seem justified by a noble goal, such “policy by people” tactics rarely work, and often backfire.
　　Remember how, in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Al Gore claimed that we were in store for ever more destructive hurricanes? Since then, hurricane incidence has dropped off the charts. Exaggerated claims merely fuel public distrust and disengagement.
　　That is unfortunate, because global warming is a real problem, and we do need to address it.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　57. In what way do the media benefit from extreme weather?
　　A) They can attract people’s attention to their reports.
　　B) They can choose from a greater variety of topics.
　　C) They can make themselves better known.
　　D) They can give voice to different views.

　　58. What is the author’s comment on Krugman’s claim about the current drought in America’s Midwest?
　　A) A time machine is needed to testify to its truth.
　　B) It is based on an erroneous climate model.
　　C) It will eventually get proof in 2048.
　　D) There is no way to prove its validity.

　　59. What is the chief reason for the rise in corn prices according to the author?
　　A) Demand for food has been rising in the developing countries.
　　B) A considerable portion of corn is used to produce green fuel.
　　C) Climate change has caused corn yields to drop markedly.
　　D) Inflation rates have been skyrocketing since the 1970s.

　　60. What does the author say about global wildfire incidence over the past 70 years?
　　A) It has got worse with the rise in extreme weathers.
　　B) It signals the early stages of global warming.
　　C) It has dropped greatly.
　　D) It is related to drought.
　　61. What does the author think of the exaggerated claims in the media about global warming?
　　A) They are strategies to raise public awareness.
　　B) They do a disservice to addressing the problem.
　　C) They aggravate public distrust about science.
　　D) They create confusion about climate change.

　　Part V                        Cloze                         (15 minutes)Directions:
　　There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the rght side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　In most cultures throughout the world, there is an expectation that when a person reaches adulthood, marriage should soon follow. In the United States   62  ，each month upwards of 168,000 couples wed,  63   to love, honor, and respect their chosen life mates   64   death parts them. The expectation is deep-rooted.
　　65   the social functions, purposes, and relevance of marriage are rapidly changing in   66   society, making them less clear-cut than they have been   67   history. For instance, in a Pew Research Center random polling of over 2,000   68   fewer than half of all of the adults polled indicated that   69   a man and a woman plan to spend the   70   of their lives together as a couple, it was important than   71   marry.
　　Those of us who choose to marry have   72   reasons why we decide to marry the person we do. There is a   72  , however in our Western, individualistic culture: We tend to marry for reasons that benefit ourselves,  74  for reasons that benefit the society   75  , such as found in collectivist cultures. Research in Western cultures has found, for example, that the number-one   76   people cite for marrying to signify a lifelong commitment   77 someone they love. However, this reason is not the only response to why people wed—today, people get married for reasons of commitment, security, and personal belief systems. The Pew Research Center’s recent findings   78   that the main reasons people get married are for   79    happiness and commitment, and bearing and missing children. As the date from this   80   show us, there are racial, age, and religious differences in what people   81   to be the main purposes of getting married.

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