广东省佛山一中2014届高三10月月考英语试题答案(3)

D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
35．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
     A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters     B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters  D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
C
Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.
    The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
    Scientists have changed the color of a dark-striped zebrafish（斑马鱼） to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin color is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanin (黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.
    It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production. This results in less pigmented skin.
    However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.
    Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun (太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.
    But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.
    Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color, said Cheng.
    The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
36. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
   A. people can not change their skin color without any pain
   B. the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely
   C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked
   D. scientists have found out that people’s skin color is determined by the gene
37. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
   A. nowadays people who want to change their skin color have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment
   B. Europeans and Africans have the same gene
   C. the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer
   D. there are two kinds of genes
38. Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebrafish in order to ________.
   A. find the different genes of humans’
   B. prove the humans’ skin color is determined by the pigment gene
   C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin color is dark
   D. find out the ways of changing people’s skin color
39. The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that _____
   A. they are born light-skinned people
   B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production
   C. they have fewer activities outside
   D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin
40. The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is ________.
   A. neutral B. negative C. positive       D. unconcerned
D
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
     Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But sincethese can't be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
     It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.Thus the use at seven months of"mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.