2014年临汾三模英语试题答案(3)

30. Which of the following situations would agree with the laws of physics in space according to the passage?
　　　A. Astronauts collecting flying space debris
　　　B. Astronauts wearing only T-shirts under their spacesuits
　　　C. Astronauts staying afloat where they are after they part with a spaceship
　　　D. Astronauts performing a space walk from the Hubble Telescope to the International Space Station
31. We can infer from the passage that ___________________.
　　　A. Garrett Reisman doesn’t think highly of the movie Gravity
　　　B. directors of sci-fi movies usually don’t care much about minor details
　　　C. the shooting of space documentaries and sci-fi movies involve totally different skills
　　　D. Garrett Reisman believes that sci-fi movies don’t need to be totally faithful to reality
　　　D
　　　In 1958, Jean Berko Gleason, an American psycholinguist, created an experiment called the Wug Test. It investigated how children learn to make plural forms of nouns in English like cats, dogs, and horses. The children were shown imaginary words in the singular and asked to change the word into their plural forms. There are three ways of pronouncing the “s” that comes after plural nouns in English; it can be pronounced like /z/, /s/, or /iz/. The most common sound is the /z/ sound like in dogs, then the /s/ sound like in cats, then the /iz/ sound like horses.
　　　In the experiment, the child was presented with a picture of some kind of pretend creature. He or she was told that the creature was a “wug”. The experimenter said, “This is a wug.” Another card was pulled out with another wug, and the experimenter said, “Now there are two of them. These are two . . .?” Children who understood the proper use of plural form for nouns ending with a “g” would say, “They are two wugs,” with a /z/ sound. Very young children were often confused by this and said “Two wug.” Generally, children who were 4 years or older got the question right. The researchers also carried out several other experiments to create plural forms ending with the /s/ sound and with the /iz/ sound and found that children usually learned these rules later in their lives because they are not as common as the /z/ sound plurals.
　　　The Wug Test also included questions that explored a child’s understanding of the proper use of verbs and the suing of the possessive, such as “This is Rob’s bike.” Possessives are parts of grammar that show ownership. Also, the children were prompted to use the “-er” suffix （后缀）of a noun to demonstrate a person’s job, such as someone who drives is a “driver”. Again, the children were given a nonsense word, this time “zib”. The researcher asked the child, “A man who ‘zibs’ is a . . .?” Some young children replied “zibber”, but many young children replied “zibman”.
　　　The Wug Test demonstrated that even very young children have established grammatical systems that allow them to make plurals, possessive, and other forms of words that they have never heard before. This test was the first of its kind to prove that children learn their language akills naturally without needing to be taught grammar rules.
32. The author introduces Jean Berko Gleason as a psycholinguist in order to _________________.
　　　A. explain why she used imaginary words for the experiment
　　　B. show that she was interested in how the mind learns language
　　　C. suggest that she studied the language of the mentally ill
　　　D. state that she illustrated the pictures used in the experiment
33. The underlined word “pretend” is closest in meaning to _______________.
　　　A. artificial         B. domestic             C. incorrect          D. living
34. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about the Wug Test?
　　　A. It was an experiment to show that children must be taught the rules of language
　　　B. It investigated whether children could use English verbs to show ownership
　　　C. It examined how children learned complex language rules ( like forming plurals )
　　　D. It proved that children acquire /z/-sound possessives before /s/-sound ones
35. The passage probably comes from ___________________.
　　　A. a book review                            B. an official documentary
　　　C. a biography of Jean Berko Gleason           D. a language learning journal
第二节   （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
　　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　　Every year in late April, students at Renmin University of China become the subjects of admiration and jealousy of their peers on other campuses in Beijing. Why?     36     It has been a unique tradition of Renmin University for a decade.
　　　Having fun is just one dimension of the spring break. Field trips, voluntary work, and social projects are all on students’ to-do lists. Experts say the spring break is not just for students to enjoy a few days off, but for them to gain new experiences beyond the campus walls.
Push them out
　　　The traditional Chinese belief of the exploration of knowledge and truth emphasizes “reading 10, 000 books and travelling 10, 000 miles”.     37     But while Chinese universities have the tradition of spring outings, what’s the benefit of making spring break an institution?