2011年职称英语考试卫生类B级真题(部分)
第二十四篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment(B级)
Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.
Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).
Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.
Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4
Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.
A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.
It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6
练习：
1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT _____ according to the passage. 根据短文，________不是造成评估全球儿童虐待蔓延程度的原因。
A child maltreatment is a global problem虐待儿童是一个全球性问题。
B there is no exact data about low- and mid-income countries关于中低等收入的家庭没有数据统计。
C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors由于缺乏一些低收入国家的精确数据。(正确答案)
D different scientists use different research methods不同的科学家使用不同的研究方法。
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 根据短文，________是正确的。
A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.20%的女性在她们孩童时代遭受到性别歧视的虐待。
B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused. 有25% 到50%的儿童曾经受到身体上的虐待。(正确答案)
C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused. 有25% 到50%的儿童遭受过心理虐待。
D 60-75% of children were neglected by their parents.有60%到75%的儿童被他们的父母所忽视。
3. Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT ____ according to the passage. 很多15岁以下儿童遭到谋杀都被错误的归类于以下类型，除了______一项不是。
A drowning in swimming游泳溺水
B diarrhea痢疾(正确答案)
C bums烧死
D falls摔落
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? 儿童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影响没有提到________。
A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up. 当他长大以后，他会因为他童年的记忆而表现很糟糕。(正确答案)
B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems.儿童受虐伤害了他们的神经系统和免疫系统。
C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development.儿童受虐影响了他的早期的大脑发育。
D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood.孩子在成年后很容易得病。
4-4 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? 儿童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影响没有提到________。
A. Maltreatment causes stress虐待引起的压力
B. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems成人以后行为、生理和心理方面的出现疾病的危险性大大增加
C. maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections虐待能导致心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病
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