2011年职称英语考试卫生类A级真题(部分)
 

　Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance(A级)(无换题现象)

　　The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

　　An article published in 7"he Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost/all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3 (antimicrobial resistance), and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.

　　While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.

　　Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical industry, and international agencies.

　　WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.

　　Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce- transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.

　　WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.

　　1. Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest? 抗菌药物的使用之所以会不断引起全球兴趣的原因是________。

　　A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present. 抗菌药物的滥用已经引起微生物的较强抗药性，目前没有新的药物来抵抗微生物。(正确答案)

　　B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers are more interested.微生物发展的比过去快，所以研究者更感兴趣。

　　C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.对于抗麻醉剂的细菌抗生素非常昂贵，因而制药工厂将有很大的市场。

　　D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.经研究发现，抗生素在治疗过程中对于抗药细菌有更好的效果。

　　2. Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases? 在《柳叶刀-传染病》期刊上出版的文章中，________是正确的。

　　A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene. AMR的发行物使得科学家们对于新的人类基因产生警觉。

　　B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria.不久以后，一种新药物将可用于抗药细菌。

　　C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. 发现了一种新的药菌种类，它对几乎所有的抗菌药物都具有高度抗性。(正确答案)

　　D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics.　AMR唤醒了科学家对于抗生素引起的传染病的意识。

　　3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR? 关于AMR要采取谨慎和正确的方法， 在文章中没有提到。

　　A Those who use antibiotics.使用抗生素的那些人

　　B Those who sell antibiotics.卖抗生素的那些人。

　　C Those who produce antibiotics.生产抗生素的那些人。

　　D Those who study in universities. 在大学里做研究的那些人。(正确答案)

　　4. All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT下面是关于WHO向政府提出的呼吁，____________不包括在内。

　　A education to the users of .antibiotics.对抗生素使用者的教育。

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