湖南师范大学附中2015高三第一次月考英语试题试卷(5)

Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says. 
The study confirms a small­but­growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.
(C)66. The new study found that ________.
A. hardship has a long­term effect on a child’s mind
B. violence leaves scars on a child’s mind
C. violence can speed up a child’s aging
D. hardship can change a child’s aging
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long－term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.”，可知，C是正确答案。
(B)67. According to the text, telomeres ________.
A. are at the ends of people’s chromosomes
B. can help prevent DNA from separating
C. can make a cell die quickly
D. become shorter before they die
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating.”可知，端粒是DNA 的序列，可以阻止染色体中的DNA 分裂。根据第二段中“...by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres，”可知A项错误； 根据第三段中“They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.”可知C、D项错误。
(D)68. All of the following things can shorten telomeres EXCEPT ________.
A. maltreatment  B. cell division
C. smoking  D. doing exercise
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.”以及倒数第二段“Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.”可以推知，做运动不能使端粒变短反而是变长。
(D)69. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the text?
A. Violence can cause quick cell division in children’s body.
B. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres from their legs in the study.
C. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.
D. Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10”可以推知B是错误项；由第六段“Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence”可知C项错误；A项文中未提及。由第六段“the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers”可知D项正确。
(A)70. What is the best title for the text?
A. Violence Aging Children’s DNA
B. Children’s Changing DNA Patterns
C. Violence and Telomeres
D. The Function of Telomeres
【解析】主旨大意题。 根据全文的内容可知，文章描述了主要说明了暴力会加速DNA中端粒的变短而让孩子们提前衰老，而A 项能很好地概括文章的主旨。
Part Ⅳ Writing(45 marks)
Section A (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
The behaviour of ants has long fascinated scientists. And why not? These insects have the strength to carry food up to seven times their own body weight, and set up amazingly complex colonies. In recent years, scientists also have been paying greater attention to the way in which a colony of ants can solve complex problems. 
Each insect in a colony seemed to have its own agenda, and yet the group as a whole appeared to be highly organized. This was most apparent in the way in which ants travel to and from a food source. Ants form and maintain a line to their food source by laying a trail of pheromone, a chemical to which other members of the same species are very sensitive. They deposit a certain amount of pheromone while walking, and each ant prefers to follow a direction where a lot of pheromone can be found. This enables the ant colony to quickly find the shortest route. 
The social behaviour of ants is among the most complex in the insect world. They communicate by touch and smell, constantly touching each other to pass on their nest odour. There are also some fairly aggressive tendencies exhibited by many ants. For example, ants have the ability to take over the nest of other ant species. The queen will attack and kill the queen of other species, and then cover herself with the odour of the other queen so she will be accepted by the colony residents.
All ants have amazing design features. They have two sets of jaws—the outer pair is used for carrying objects and for digging, while the inner pair is used for chewing. Some ants can lift food items that are up to seven times as heavy as themselves. They control the population numbers of many other species. Ants can eat animals, plants, and even the seeds of many plants.
Actually, according to what scientists have investigated, ant’s highly complex social structure, life cycle, strength, are all said to be the result of evolution.


Section B (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the