南昌市第二中学2020届高三5月模拟英语试题及参考答案(3)

   C. She has been struggling to make the ends meet.

   D. She has influenced people's lifestyle widely.

C

There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I'm much more impatient with her when I'm filming Sherlock.”

Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term “post-dramatic stress disorder” to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role.  “Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied,” he writes.

A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers^’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.

After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term "confident" was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend's personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself.

"By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person .” said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves ---or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.

“As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore.” write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are."

28. The first two paragraphs mainly  .

A. state that acting requires skills

B. explain the stress that an actor faces

C. show that a role leaves a mark on the actor

D. stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role

29. What does the underlined phrase "rub off on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Influence. B. Strengthen. C. Confuse. D. Determine.

30. According to the study, taking the perspective of another person  .

A. brings changes to one's self-knowledge

B. motivates one to better understand himself

C. helps people deal with their identity problems

D. produces temporary effects on one's character

31. What is the significance of the study?

A. It offers instructions on making friends.

B. It proposes a means to improve ourselves.

C. It gives advice on adjusting one's emotions.

D. It presents a way to deal with stress disorder.

D

     A new device works like a solar panel, except it doesn't harvest energy from the sun to produce electricity. Instead, it uses energy from the cold night sky.

     In the center of this device is a thermoelectric generator (热电发电机), which  uses  the temperature difference between Earth and outer space to create electricity.

      As long as one side of it is cooler than the other, the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed under a transparent cover and surrounded with materials that keep heat out. It stays cooler than the surrounding air by getting rid of any heat it absorbs as infrared (红外线) radiation. That radiation can zip up through the transparent cover and on toward outer space.

     The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate, which is warmed by the local air. At night, the top plate can get several degrees centigrade cooler than the bottom of the generator.

     Researchers tested the device one clear December night in Stanford, Calif. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of the device. That was just enough power to light a small electric lamp.  Further improvements might develop its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square meter.

      “It's a very clever idea,” says Yuan Yang, a materials scientist who works at Columbia University in New York City. “The device still needs improving.” he notes. “But this new device may be useful for backup power," Yang says, “It might also provide a bit of energy to people living in areas that lack electricity.”