2016年南京一模、盐城一模英语试题及答案(4)

Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more.
That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination (疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science.
“There may be a long-lasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles,” he said. “I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.”
The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses, leaving them more likely to be infected.
To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence (发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.
They turned to data from England and Wales — developed nations where disease levels are generally low, allowing a less-confused view of measles’ effects. Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s, Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed.
“Really it didn’t matter what age group, what decade or what country,” said Mina. “They all showed consistent results … what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine, but it has forgotten what it previously learned.”
Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression.
Others thought the paper’s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used.
To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory.
62. Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”?
A. Their research was based on the historical data.
B. Their research compared monkeys with humans.
C. They only paid attention to developed nations.
D. They discovered a sort of shadow effect.
63. According to Mina, what is the significance of their research?
A. They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases.
B. They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach.
C. They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination.
D. They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations..
64. The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. keep away   B. survive from   C. search for   D. turn down
65. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?
A. Measles has been the origin of other diseases and deaths
B. New research conducted into measles has been widely questioned
C. Study points to years-long immune system misfortunes from measles
D. Damage caused by measles to the immune system could last several weeks
D
Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich, born on 31 May 1948, is a Belarusian investigative journalist and non-fiction prose writer, writing in Russian. She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature “for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time”. She is the first writer from Belarus to receive the award.
Alexievich grew up in Belarus. After finishing school she worked as a reporter in several local newspapers before graduating from Belarusian State University and becoming a journalist for the literary magazine Neman in Minsk.
She went on to a career in journalism and writing narratives from interviews with witnesses to the most dramatic events in the country, such as World War II, the Soviet–Afghan War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the Chernobyl disaster. After political persecution (迫害) by the Lukashenko administration, she left Belarus in 2000. The International Cities of Refuge Network offered her shelter and during the following decade she lived in Paris, Gothenburg and Berlin. In 2011, Alexievich moved back to Minsk.
According to Russian writer and critic Dmitry Bykov, her books owe much to the ideas of Belarusian writer Ales Adamovich, who felt that the best way to describe the horrors of the 20th century was not by creating fiction but through recording the evidence of witnesses. Belarusian poet Uladzimir Nyaklyayew called Adamovich “her literary godfather”. He also named the documentary novel I’m from the Burned Village by Ales Adamovich, Janka Bryl and Uladzimir Kalesnik, about the villages burned by the Nazi troops during the occupation of Belarus, as the main single book that has influenced Alexievich’s attitude to literature. Alexievich admitted the influence of Adamovich and added, among others, Belarusian writer Vasil Bykaŭ as another source of impact on her. Her most notable works in English translation include a collection of first-hand accounts from the war in Afghanistan (Zinky Boys: Soviet Voices from a Forgotten War) and a highly praised oral history of the Chernobyl disaster (Voices from Chernobyl).
Alexievich describes the theme of her works this way: If you look back at the whole of our history, both Soviet and post-Soviet, it is a huge common grave and a blood bath. An eternal dialogue of the executioners and the victims. The accursed Russian questions: what is to be done and who is to blame. The revolution, the gulags, the Second World War, the Soviet–Afghan war hidden from the people, the downfall of the great empire, the downfall of the giant socialist land, the land-utopia, and now a challenge of cosmic dimensions — Chernobyl. This is a challenge for all the living things on earth. Such is our history. And this is the theme of my books, this is my path, my circles of hell, from man to man.